用Symbol作为元数据
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通常我们使用捕获异常的方式来处理错误,避免使用老式的返回代码的方式。但是,如果你想用老式的方式,还是可以的。像nil就是这样一个元数据。
我们通常可以这样使用(因为符号是全局的,所以在之后的整个程序中,都可以使用这些符号来作为元数据):
str = get_string
case str
when String
# Proceed normally
when :eof
# end of file, socket closed, whatever
when :error
# I/O or network error
when :timeout
# didn't get a reply
end
转换Symbol
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Symbol和字符串之间可以互相转换,使用to_s和to_sym来实现:
a = "foobar"
b = :foobar
a == b.to_str # true
b == a.to_sym # true
method(sym) → method
Looks up the named method as a receiver in obj, returning a Method object (or raising NameError). The Method object acts as a closure in obj’s object instance, so instance variables and the value of self remain available.
class Demo
def initialize(n)
@iv = n
end
def hello()
"Hello, @iv = #{@iv}"
end
end
k = Demo.new(99)
m = k.method(:hello)
m.call #=> "Hello, @iv = 99"
l = Demo.new('Fred')
m = l.method("hello")
m.call #=> "Hello, @iv = Fred"